Neurodegeneration is the least understood vector of health span. Once disease manifests, we are at its mercy. Thankfully, there has been significant progress made towards preventing neurodegeneration.
There are domains with strong correlations to neurodegeneration:
Sleep quality and quantity
Good sleep is essential for cognitive protection and preventing neurodegeneration. Quality sleep supports brain function, allowing for the clearing of toxins and the consolidation of memories.
Disrupted sleep can elevate stress hormones, impair glucose metabolism, and increase the risk of conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Ensuring adequate and restful sleep is a critical factor in maintaining cognitive health.
Abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain
The brain relies on glucose for energy, and abnormal glucose metabolism is linked to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Insulin resistance and elevated blood sugar levels can damage brain vasculature and disrupt energy supply, leading to neuronal damage.
Managing glucose levels through diet, medication like Metformin, and lifestyle changes can help protect cognitive function.
Neurovascular health
Healthy blood flow is crucial for brain health. Reduced cerebral blood flow can lead to a neuronal energy crisis, contributing to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Conditions like atherosclerosis and high blood pressure, which impair blood flow, increase the risk of Alzheimer’s and other dementias.
Maintaining vascular health through exercise, diet, and managing cardiovascular risk factors is vital for cognitive protection.
Hormone disruptions
Hormonal imbalances, particularly in estrogen levels for women, can significantly impact cognitive health. Abrupt declines in hormones like estradiol can increase the risk of neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is twice as common in women than in men.
Hormone replacement therapy during perimenopause may help mitigate this risk. Addressing hormone disruptions is important for preventing cognitive decline, especially in women with genetic risk factors.
Homocysteine
High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood, are associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated homocysteine can damage blood vessels and contribute to cognitive decline.
Lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins and optimizing omega-3 fatty acid intake can support cognitive health and reduce the risk of conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.